Suspended Education: Urban Middle Schools in Crisis

Education and Literacy;Human Rights and Civil Liberties;Race and Ethnicity

Suspended Education: Urban Middle Schools in Crisis

Examines the rise in school suspensions; their effectiveness; the widening racial/ethnic discipline gap, especially for African-American boys; and the impact of suspensions on academic success and likelihood of incarceration. Makes policy recommendations.

December 1969

Geographic Focus: North America-United States

School Funding Systems: Equity, Transparency, Flexibility

Education and Literacy

School Funding Systems: Equity, Transparency, Flexibility

One of a series of guides for school district leaders on optimizing resource allocation, explains how to cut budgets with the least impact on the neediest, shift funds to effective programs and where most needed, and invest stimulus funds in improvements.

December 1969

Geographic Focus: North America-United States

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