This Study analyzes policies, practices and attitudes with respect to responsible investing among 200 U.S. colleges and universities, constituting 24.0 percent of the 832 institutions that participated in the 2014 NACUBO-Commonfund Study of Endowments (NCSE). These respondents, whose chief business officers volunteered to participate in this follow-up Study, comprised 123 private and 77 public institutions with a total of $88.8 billion in endowment assets as of June 30, 2014, or 17.2 percent of the $516.0 billion total included in the NCSE, and encompassed a wide range of endowment sizes and geographic locations across the U.S.

The 2014 study focused on four approaches to responsible investing: SRI, ESG, impact investing, and divestment of fossil fuels. Responses regarding SRI and ESG were received in sufficient numbers to support a detailed analysis; the number of institutions responding to questions regarding impact investing and divestment of fossil fuels, however, was comparatively low, making it difficult to draw reliable conclusions on these topics. Commentary in the main body of this paper therefore focuses primarily on SRI and ESG, with impact investing and divestment being reviewed in the Executive Summary.

This report focuses on an emerging trend in higher education called student philanthropy, an experiential learning approach where students study social issues in the community and make decisions about distributing funds to nonprofit organizations. Previous research in the field of student philanthropy has revealed promising results: those enrolled in student philanthropy courses have shown a greater awareness of social problems and nonprofits, a heightened sense of responsibility to help others in need, and a greater likelihood to give their time and money in the future to support their community. However, little is known about the ways previous philanthropy experiences of students and components of student philanthropy courses may explain these outcomes.

This report examines students enrolled in student philanthropy courses through Pay it Forward, an initiative of the Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio Campus Compacts that seeks to develop a new generation of philanthropists through infusing the practice of philanthropy as a core component of college coursework. This report asks three key questions about the Pay it Forward course:

• What are the prior philanthropic experiences of Pay it Forward participants?
• What features of a Pay it Forward course predict student confidence in their philanthropic skills, abilities, and knowledge?
• What aspects of a Pay it Forward course predict changes in students' plans to donate money to, volunteer in, and otherwise support their communities?

This report focuses on an emerging trend in higher education called student philanthropy, an experiential learning approach where students study social issues in the community and make decisions about distributing funds to nonprofit organizations. Previous research in the field of student philanthropy has revealed promising results: those enrolled in student philanthropy courses have shown a greater awareness of social problems and nonprofits, a heightened sense of responsibility to help others in need, and a greater likelihood to give their time and money in the future to support their community. However, little is known about the ways previous philanthropy experiences of students and components of student philanthropy courses may explain these outcomes.

This report examines students enrolled in student philanthropy courses through Pay it Forward, an initiative of the Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio Campus Compacts that seeks to develop a new generation of philanthropists through infusing the practice of philanthropy as a core component of college coursework. This report asks three key questions about the Pay it Forward course:

• What are the prior philanthropic experiences of Pay it Forward participants?
• What features of a Pay it Forward course predict student confidence in their philanthropic skills, abilities, and knowledge?
• What aspects of a Pay it Forward course predict changes in students' plans to donate money to, volunteer in, and otherwise support their communities?

This paper presents a new analysis of education data on high schools in the 100 largest school districts that highlights the role of inadequate K-12 preparation as a barrier to postsecondary success for students who live in poverty. In particular, the analysis highlights stark differences in the quality of college preparation that high school students receive based on their schools' concentration of poverty. The paper compares characteristics of high-poverty high schools (more than 75 percent of students eligible for free or reduced lunch) to mid-high poverty (50-75 percent eligible), mid-low poverty (25-50 percent eligible), and low-poverty high schools (fewer than 25 percent of students eligible). Key findings include:

• Less-experienced and less-qualified teachers.
• College prep courses less likely to be offered.
• More schools without counselors.

This report has been produced by an expert group set up by the Directorate General for Research of the European Commission (EC) in order to identify and review good practices in fundraising for research by universities from philanthropic sources (foundations, trusts, charities, individuals, alumni) in Europe and abroad, develop models and recommend actions to be undertaken by key actors involved.

The aim of this work is to provide stakeholders with a helpful and relevant reference to improve fundraising from philanthropic sources. The report contains a number of recommendations aimed at universities, the philanthropic sector (individuals, corporations, foundations and alumni) and the European Commission, together with a call for action to raise the level of philanthropic giving for research within Europe.

The expert group builds on the work of a previous group of experts which was set up in 2005 and delivered the report "Giving more for research in Europe: The role of foundations and the non-profit sector in boosting R&D investment".

This report has been produced by an expert group set up by the Directorate General for Research of the European Commission (EC) in order to identify and review good practices in fundraising for research by universities from philanthropic sources (foundations, trusts, charities, individuals, alumni) in Europe and abroad, develop models and recommend actions to be undertaken by key actors involved.

The aim of this work is to provide stakeholders with a helpful and relevant reference to improve fundraising from philanthropic sources. The report contains a number of recommendations aimed at universities, the philanthropic sector (individuals, corporations, foundations and alumni) and the European Commission, together with a call for action to raise the level of philanthropic giving for research within Europe.

The expert group builds on the work of a previous group of experts which was set up in 2005 and delivered the report "Giving more for research in Europe: The role of foundations and the non-profit sector in boosting R&D investment".

This report has been produced by an expert group set up by the Directorate General for Research of the European Commission (EC) in order to identify and review good practices in fundraising for research by universities from philanthropic sources (foundations, trusts, charities, individuals, alumni) in Europe and abroad, develop models and recommend actions to be undertaken by key actors involved.

The aim of this work is to provide stakeholders with a helpful and relevant reference to improve fundraising from philanthropic sources. The report contains a number of recommendations aimed at universities, the philanthropic sector (individuals, corporations, foundations and alumni) and the European Commission, together with a call for action to raise the level of philanthropic giving for research within Europe.

The expert group builds on the work of a previous group of experts which was set up in 2005 and delivered the report "Giving more for research in Europe: The role of foundations and the non-profit sector in boosting R&D investment".