Reservation Era Begins 1850-1878
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1865
Dakota leaders Medicine Bottle and Sakpe are executed without proper trial
Dakota leaders Medicine Bottle and Sakpe are drugged, kidnapped, and brought to Fort Snelling for...Read More
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1866+
Buffalo soldiers are created
In 1866, six all-Black cavalry and infantry regiments are created after Congress passes the Army...Read More
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1866
Circleville Massacre of the Paiute (Utah)
Mormon militia murder 16 Paiute men and women and shoot and kill anyone trying to...Read More
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1866
Hawaiian leprosy patients are sent to Moloka‘i Colony
The first leprosy patients are forced into quarantine at Kalawao on Moloka’i; approximately 3,000 follow...Read More
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1867
Buffalo Bill Cody singlehandedly kills 4,000 buffalo
Cody kills 4,000 buffalo in an eight-month period with a Remington repeater rifle, earning the...Read More
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1867
Yana tribe is nearly annihilated by California settlers
By 1867, the Yana had suffered numerous massacres and faced extermination. They were a small...Read More
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1867
Alaska becomes U.S. territory without any say from Alaska Natives
The U.S. purchases Alaska from Russia, but Alaska Natives, who lay claim to all the...Read More
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1867
Aquarius Mountains Massacre (Arizona)
Yavapai County Rangers massacre 23 children, women, and men (likely Hualapai tribal members) in the...Read More
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1867
Colorado Territory continues to sponsor scalping for bounties
A New York Times article reports that “settlers in a small town in Colorado Territory...Read More
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1868
Campo Seco Massacre of Yahi (Yana) people (California)
A mob of White settlers massacre 33 Yahi people in a cave near Mill Creek,...Read More
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1868
Massacre of Yavapai at La Paz (Arizona)
Fifteen sleeping Yavapai are murdered in their camp by a group of teamsters near La...Read More
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1868
Dine’ (Navajo) internment ends with Treaty of Bosque Redondo, but 2,000‒3,500 die while imprisoned
General William T. Sherman is sent to create a treaty due to the soaring costs...Read More
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1868
Black Kettle (Moketaveto) and his band of southern Cheyenne are massacred at the Washita by Custer
After surviving the Sand Creek Massacre, Black Kettle takes his remaining band of Southern Cheyenne...Read More
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1868
Buffalo kills and genocide
In October 1868, General Sheridan writes to General Sherman that their best hope to control...Read More
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1870
Marias Massacre of Piegan (Blackfeet) camp (Montana)
U.S. troops massacre over 173 Blackfeet, mostly women, children, and the elderly, as a U.S....Read More
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1870
California Indian genocide
Since the beginning of the Gold Rush, more than 80 percent of California’s Native Americans...Read More
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1870
Reservation imprisonment for Plains tribes
The Arikara, Gros Ventre, and Mandan of the Dakota are forced to and imprisoned at...Read More
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1871
Camp Grant Massacre, enslavement of Apache women and children (Arizona)
Tucson ex-Mayor William Oury leads a group of American and Mexican settlers and allied Pima...Read More
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1871
Near-extermination of Yahi (California)
In the Kingsley Cave Massacre, 30 Yahi Indians are massacred in Tehama County, California, leaving...Read More
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1872
Skeleton Cave Massacre of Yavapai (Arizona)
U.S. troops murder 76 Yavapai women, men, and children in a remote cave in Salt...Read More
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1874-1875
Forced roundup of Natives in southwestern territories
The so-called Red River War is a U.S. Army military campaign to forcibly capture and...Read More
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1874
Black Hills Gold Rush begins
Gold is discovered, which leads to thousands of gold miners rushing to the Black Hills,...Read More
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1875
Lt. Richard Henry Pratt experiments with “assimilation” strategy on prisoners
The U.S. Army transports 72 Cheyenne, Kiowa, Apache, Comanche, and Caddo Indian prisoners, including some...Read More
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1875
Sappa Creek Massacre of Cheyenne (Kansas)
Kansas troops trap a group of Cheyenne, massacring 27 men, women, and children on the...Read More
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1876
Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of Little Bighorn)
Red Cloud had asked the U.S. government to enforce the treaty and protect the Black...Read More
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1876
Satanta, Kiowa war chief, is taken prisoner and murdered
Satanta, a Kiowa leader who led raids due to food scarcity on the reservation, is...Read More
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1877
Massacre of Nimiipuu (Nez Perce) at Big Hole (Montana)
Under Colonel John Gibbon, U.S. troops attack a Nimiipuu (Nez Perce) village, killing 90, including...Read More
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1878
Fort Marion prisoners sent to be “civilized”
The Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia was a boarding school for African Americans...Read More
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1879
Fort Robinson Massacre of Northern Cheyenne (Nebraska)
Under the leadership of Dull Knife, his band of Northern Cheyenne attempt to escape from...Read More