Reservation Era Begins 1850-1878
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1860
Wiyot Indian Island Massacre (California)
White settlers commit three back-to-back attacks on the Wiyot in California, killing between 80 and...Read More
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1860
Massacre at Comanche village at Pease River (Texas)
Under the command of Captain Sul Ross, Texas Rangers kill at least 14 unarmed Comanche...Read More
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1861
Horse Canyon Massacre at a Wailaki village (California)
White settlers, aided by Native allies, attack and massacre over 240 Wailaki villagers in Horse...Read More
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1861
Fort Fauntleroy Massacre of Dine’ (New Mexico)
U.S. soldiers massacre 12‒20 Dine’ over a dispute regarding a horse race (“List of Indian...Read More
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1862
Kickapoo attempt to flee to Mexico
After enduring corruption and the withholding of their rations, approximately 1,000 Kickapoo flee for Mexico,...Read More
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1862
President Lincoln orders largest mass execution in the U.S. on order of the President: Hanging of the Dakota 38
The U.S. military promises the Dakota that if they surrender peacefully, they will be granted...Read More
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1862
Upper Station massacre of the Wailaki (California)
Over 20 Wailaki Indians are murdered in Round Valley, California, by White settlers (“List of...Read More
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1862
Big Antelope Creek Massacre of Yana tribe (California)
Indian hunter Hi Good, aided by White settlers, launches a pre-dawn attack on a Yana...Read More
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1862
Konkow Massacre (California)
Twenty-five California settlers launch an attack and kill 45 Konkow tribal members on their reservation...Read More
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1862
Massacre of Mescalero Apache at Gallinas Springs (New Mexico)
U.S. soldiers shoot and kill an elder Mescalero leader who approached them with a sign...Read More
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1863
Keyesville Massacre of Tubatulabal (California)
California volunteers and militiamen under command of Captain Moses A. McLaughlin murder 35 Tubatulabal men...Read More
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1863
Bear River Massacre of over 280‒400 Shoshone (Idaho)
Over a hundred Shoshone women, children, and men are massacred in their village by Colonel...Read More
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1863
Chief Little Crow is murdered and his remains are desecrated
As Chief Little Crow and his son gather berries, Little Crow is shot and killed...Read More
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1863
Bounties for scalps
The Adjutant General of Minnesota, Oscar Malmros, issues an order for the establishment of volunteer...Read More
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1863
The Nimiipu (Nez Perce) “Thief Treaty”
The illegal treaty with the Nimiipu (Nez Perce) ceded six million acres of Nez Perce...Read More
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1864-1868
Navajo (Dine’) “Longest Walk” and imprisonment at Bosque Redondo
On January 8,1864, 500 to 10,000 Dine’ are forcibly removed from their homes in Arizona...Read More
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1864
Gold is discovered in Colorado
Gold discovered in Colorado triggers an invasion of American settlers into lands of the Cheyenne,...Read More
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1864
Sand Creek Massacre (Colorado)
On November 29, 1864, under the command of Colonel John Chivington, a Methodist minister, an...Read More
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1864
Gold is discovered in Montana
In violation of treaties, prospectors invade lands of Native people throughout Wyoming and Montana and...Read More
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1864
Massacre of Yana tribal members (California)
White settlers massacre 20 Yana women, children, and men in Cottonwood, California (“List of Indian...Read More
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1864
Massacre of the Apache at Bloody Tanks (Arizona)
A posse of White settlers massacre 19 unsuspecting Apaches at a “peace parley” (“List of...Read More
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1864
Oak Run Massacre of Yana tribe (California)
White settlers massacre over 300 Yana tribal people as they gather for their tribal ceremonies...Read More
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1864
Skull Valley Massacre of Yavapai families (Arizona)
Lt. Monteith and a group of Arizona militiamen lure a group of Yavapai families into...Read More
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1865
Hampton Institute for African Americans is founded
Samuel Chapman Armstrong, the son of a Hawaiian missionary, had been strongly influenced by his...Read More
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1865-1903
Annihilation of buffalo by military and hunters
“Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone” (General Dodge). General...Read More
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1865
Three Knolls Massacre of Yana (California)
A posse of White settlers murder a Yana community in Mill Creek, California (“List of...Read More
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1865
Owens Lake Massacre of Paiute (California)
White settlers, in retaliation for the death of two settlers, attack a Paiute camp at...Read More
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1865
Grass Valley Massacre of Ute Indians (Utah)
Mormon militia attack and kill 10 Ute men and take the women and children as...Read More
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1865
Mud Lake Massacre of Paiute (Nevada)
Captain Wells and his troops attack and massacre 32 Paiute at their camp at Winnemucca...Read More
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1865
Southeastern tribes in Indian Territory negotiate “Reconstruction Treaties” with U.S. government
The map of Indian Territory is entirely reconstructed after the Civil War, leaving little resemblance...Read More