By the late 1800s, forced assimilation — in the form of compulsory boarding schools — had become another tool the U.S. government used to address what mainstream America considered the “Indian problem.”
In years preceding the era of Indian boarding schools, under the doctrine of “manifest destiny,” the U.S. government was continually engaged in removing Native American tribes to take over their land, pushing them further and further west, and in battling those tribes that were resistant to being