By 1867, the Yana had suffered numerous massacres and faced extermination. They were a small group of about 1,900 living in the Sacramento River valley of northern California. It was reported that after an 1867 massacre of 45 Yana, witnesses said bodies were not recovered because there were not enough Yana left to bury the dead. The last surviving remnant Yana flee to the Sierra Foothills after the massacre, where they live hidden in the mountains for over 40 years. In 1911, the last known member of the Yana walked out of the hills. He became known as “Ishi” (meaning “man,” the “last of the Yana”) (Native Voices, “1867: Violent settlers speed demise of northern California tribe”).