Sovereign Nation Era Ends 1800-1827

1821

California becomes a Mexican state

Portrait of Vicente Guerrero, mixed-race guerrilla leader of independence and later president of Mexico
Portrait of Vicente Guerrero, mixed-race guerrilla leader of independence and later president of Mexico

As Mexico declares independence from Spain, Mexico welcomes American colonists and gives them “free” land under the empresario system. Although slavery is outlawed with Mexican independence, in reality, slavery continues throughout the newly independent nation (Nies, 1996).

Traumatic Event