Samuel Chapman Armstrong, the son of a Hawaiian missionary, had been strongly influenced by his missionary upbringing in Hawai’i, the development of the Hilo Boys Boarding School, and the manual labor and strict discipline enforced there. He promotes the benefits of manual labor for the "education" of Native Americans and works closely with Richard Pratt in designing and influencing the development of the Boarding School system in the U.S. (Engs, 1999).