Sovereign Nation Era Ends 1800-1827

1813

Massacre at Tallushatchee (Tennessee)

General Coffee's attack on Indians. Image: Internet Archive Book Images
General Coffee's attack on Indians. Image: Internet Archive Book Images

Under General John Coffee, Tennessee troops attack an unsuspecting Muscogee town, killing 186 to 200 warriors. Women and children are burned in their houses (“List of Indian massacres”).

Traumatic Event